ISO 9001 represents an international consensus on good management practices. The standards give organizations guidelines on what constitutes an effective quality management system as a means of ensuring that the organization can consistently deliver products or services that meet the customer's requirement.

ISO 9001 is applicable to all types of organizations and can accommodate diverse geographical, cultural and social condition.

In response to increasingly stringent legislation and growing concern about environmental matters, ISO 14000 provides a framework for organizations to establish, document and maintain effective environmental management systems.

To achieve a comprehensive EMS, in addition to "Process Approach" and "Plan-Do-Check-Act" (PDCA) methodology, ISO 14000 also introduces "Environmental Aspect":

• Identify environmental impacts within the scope
• Evaluate the level of the identified impacts
• Reduce these environmental impacts by different kind of controls

 Benefits:
Reduce environmental impacts
Cost saving through energy efficiency, pollution prevention and waste reduction
Demonstrate compliance with applicable environmental legislation and regulation
Provide indicator for evaluating environmental performance
Improve environmental performance and create new business opportunities
Improve organization's public image
Demonstrating commitment to continual improvement

To achieve a comprehensive SMS, in addition to "Process Approach" and "Plan-Do-Check-Act" (PDCA) methodology, OHSAS 18001 also introduces "Risk Assessment ":

1. Identify hazard within the scope
2. Evaluate the risk level of the identified hazard
3. Reduce these risks and hazard by different kind of controls

OHSAS 18001 is applicable to all types of organizations (especially in manufacturing and construction industry) and can accommodate diverse geographical, cultural and social condition.
Certified organizations included various sizes and industries (such as construction, manufacture, servicing…etc).

The Information Security Management System (ISMS) is designed to ensure the selection of adequate and proportionate security controls that protect information assets and give confidence to interested parties.

This international standard specifies the requirements of documented ISMS within the context of the organization's overall business risks, and the implementation of security controls customized to the needs of individual or part thereof.

For anything that has value to the organization, Information Security is the preservation the following:
Confidentiality -not made available or disclosed to unauthorized individuals, entities, or process
Integrity - accuracy and completeness
Availability - accessible and usable upon demand by an authorized entity

Certified organizations included data-center, software developer, telecomm house, property management, commercial enterprises, government agencies, non-profit organizations.

  Benefits:
Improve customer and investor confidence
Open up new markets and improved market share
Minimize the risk and cost of system failures or downtime
Reduce information damage and risk
Maintain the integrity and availability of information and information processing facilities
Improve customer satisfaction
Provide control objectives and controls for risk treatment
Enhance image and global competitiveness
Demonstrate compliance with applicable legislation and regulation

IECQ - IEC Quality Assessment System for Electronic Components
HSPM - Electrical and Electronic Components and Products Hazardous Substance Process Management System Requirements

The specification defines the requirements for establishing processes to identify and control the introduction of hazardous substances (HS) into its products. It also defines the requirements for implementing processes to test, analyze, or otherwise ascertain the HS content, and to make it available to the customer. These requirements are in addition to those contained within ISO 9001.

Certified organizations included electrical and electronic components and products manufacturers, suppliers, repairers, and maintainers.

ISO/TS 16949 is an ISO Technical Specification developed by International Automotive Task Force (IATF) for global automotive industry. It based on ISO 9001 and aligns with different automotive quality systems standards - QS-9000 (US), VDA 6.1 (German), EAQF (French) and AVSQ (Italian).

It specifies the quality system requirements for the design/ development, production, installation and servicing of automotive-related products. The specification is intended to enhance overall automotive quality while reducing the variation and waste throughout the production process.

ISO/TS 16949 is the minimum requirement by most of the OEMs worldwide, including BMW, DaimlerChrysler, General Motors, Volkswagen, Ford, Fiat, PSA, Renault and Peugeot-Citroen.

Certified organizations included all types of automotive supply companies throughout the supply chain.

The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is an independent, non-profit and non-government organization. The goal of FSC is to promote environmentally appropriate, socially beneficial and economically viable management of the world’s forests.

1. Forest Management (FM); and
2. Chain of Custody (CoC)

FM Certification involves an inspection of the forest management unit to determine if it complies with FSC Principles and Standards.

CoC is the path taken by raw materials from the forest to the consumer. The FSC CoC certification is to ensure that FSC certified material could track through the supply chain between operations and production processes within operations. It includes all successive stages of processing, transformation, manufacturing and distribution.

For companies that process, transform or trade FSC certified products need FSC CoC certificate. Only FSC CoC certified operations are allowed to label products with the FSC trademarks.

Certified organizations included paper products related manufacturers and suppliers.

  Benefits:
Contributing to improved management of the world’s forest
Access to the growing market for FSC certified products
Improved management systems
Improved brand image

As consumers are more and more concern about the internal corporate practices behind the brand name products they buy. As a result, Multinational companies carefully purchase from socially responsible organizations to avoid damage to their reputation. With this increasing pressure, manufacturers realize that competitiveness not only depends on quality, productivity and on-time delivery but also a commitment to human values.

SA 8000 is the first internationally recognized ethical standard for global supply chains. It covers:

SA 8000 is applicable to all types of organizations and manufacturing factories.

 Benefits:
Reduce the number of factory audits
Avoid multiple audits thereby saving cost and time
Increase competitiveness by generating positive consumer sentiment
Open up new market opportunities and improved market share
Transform the lives of workers in their factories
Demonstrate commitment to legal obligations
Bring international credibility

The International Council of Toy Industries (ICTI) is an association of 20 toy trade associations from around the world including China, Hong Kong, the United Kingdom and the United States. ICTI and its member associations are committed to the advancement of social responsibility in the toy industry with Code of Business Practice to address environmental concerns, fair and lawful employment practices and workplace safety.

It upholds the principles that:

No underage, forced, or prison labor should be employed
No one is denied a job because of gender, ethnic origin, religion, affiliation or association
Comply with laws protecting the environment

Supply agreements with firms manufacturing on behalf of ICTI members must also provide for adherence to these principles.
At the moment, toy factories in China, Hong Kong and Macau will need to undergo certification.

 Benefits:
Reduce the number of factory audits
Avoid multiple audits thereby saving cost and time
Increase competitiveness by generating positive consumer sentiment
Open up new market opportunities and improved market share
Transform the lives of workers in their factories
Demonstrate commitment to legal obligations
Bring international credibility

WRAP is a non-profit, non-governmental organization, and has a Board of Directors that is independent of any industry group. The WRAP program is the world’s largest factory certification program focused on the apparel, footwear and sewn products sectors.

The WRAP Principles including:

Total Quality Management is a management approach for an organization, centered on quality, based on the participation of all its members and aiming at long-term success through customer satisfaction, and benefits to all members of the organization and to society.

To increase organization's quality and productivity, the key concept in implementing TQM are:
Create constancy of purpose for improving products and services.
Adopt the new philosophy.
Cease dependence on inspection to achieve quality.
End the practice of awarding business on price alone; instead, minimize total cost by working with
       a single supplier.
Improve constantly and forever every process for planning, production and service.
Institute training on the job.
Adopt and institute leadership.
Drive out fear.
Break down barriers between staff areas.
Eliminate slogans, exhortations and targets for the workforce.
Eliminate numerical quotas for the workforce and numerical goals for management.
Remove barriers that rob people of pride of workmanship, and eliminate the annual rating or merit system.
Institute a vigorous program of education and self-improvement for everyone.
Put everybody in the organization to work accomplishing the transformation.

TQM has been widely used in manufacturing, education, government, and service industries.